上海市某社区老年人营养状况及相关因素分析

Analysis of nutritional status and related factors of elderly people in a community of Shanghai

目的:利用微型营养评估法(MNA)评估社区老年人营养状况,了解营养不良的发生情况及相关因素。方法:于2017年4-10月对上海长宁区新泾镇的6 230名65岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查和MNA营养评估,其中男性2 809名,女性3 421名。结果 :老年人的营养不良和营养不良危险的患病率分别为0.47%和26.52%。男性营养不良危险的患病率低于女性(24.67%比28.88%,P <0.01),营养不良及营养不良危险的患病率随着年龄的增加而上升(P <0.05)。年龄和慢性病的多病状态是营养不良及营养不良危险的独立影响因素(OR=1.114,95%CI为1.036～1.198和OR=17.517,95%CI为15.1～20.321),高文化程度是营养不良及营养不良危险的保护因素(OR=0.133,95%CI为0.114～0.156)。结论:上海新泾镇老年人群中营养不良及营养不良危险患病率较高。社区卫生工作要特别重视高龄、低学历、有多种慢性病共存老年人的营养状况。

Objective: By mini nutritional assessment(MNA) to assess the nutritional status of the elderly in the community in order to understand the occurrence of malnutrition and related factors. Methods: From April to October 2017, a questionnaire survey and MNA were conducted in 6 230 elderly people aged 65 and over in Xinyi Community, Changning District, Shanghai, including 2 809 males and 3 421 females. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk of the elderly was 0.47 % and 26.52%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition risk in males was lower than that in females(24.67% vs. 28.88%, P<0.01). The prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk increased with age(P<0.05). Age and chronic disease status were independent factors of malnutrition and malnutrition risk(OR=1.114, 95% CI 1.036~1.198 and OR=17.517, 95% CI 15.1~20.321), high education was a protective factor for malnutrition and malnutrition risk(OR=0.133, 95% CI 0.114~0.156). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk among the elderly in Xinjing Community of Shanghai is higher. Community health work should pay special attention to the nutritional status of the elderly with advanced age, low educational background and coexistence of multiple chronic diseases.