tRNA修饰酶GidA家族蛋白研究进展

Advance in tRNA Modification Enzyme GidA Family Proteins

葡萄糖抑制的分裂蛋白A(GidA)是一种tRNA修饰酶,在原核生物和真核生物中都非常保守,参与对tRNA的摇摆碱基尿嘧啶进行修饰,然后解码以腺嘌呤或鸟嘌呤结尾的密码子。GidA的这种修饰作用对蛋白质的精确解码和高效翻译至关重要。近年来,对GidA在细胞中的功能研究较多,发现GidA不仅调控细胞的形态还与致病性密切相关,而该蛋白在人类中的同源蛋白MTO1的突变与心肌病变、呼吸障碍、癫痫等多种疾病相关。作者查阅了相关资料,对GidA功能与结构的研究进行综述,以期为了解病原菌的致病机制与人类相关疾病的发病机理提供参考。

GidA-like proteins are tRNA modification enzyme,widely distributed in nature and conserved among bacteria and Eukarya.GidA involves in the addition of the carboxymethylaminomethyl(cmnm) group in position 5 of the U34 of tRNAs that read codons ending with A or G.This modification at the wobble position of the anticodon contributes to the accuracy and efficiency of protein synthesis.Recent years,more and more research focused on cell function of GidA.GidA not only regulates morphology but also pathogenicity in several bacteria.Human mutations of the gidA homologous gene,MTO1,are often associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,respiratory defect,seizures.Through consulting literature materials,we summarized the function and structure of GidA.We hope this review about GidA-like proteins could help in understanding the pathogenesis of pathogenic bacteria and related human diseases.