青海省海北州奶牛乳房炎发病情况调查

Investigation on Epidemic Situation of Dairy Cow Mastitis in Haibei Prefecture Qinghai Province

为了解青海省海北州奶牛乳房炎的发病情况,对2016年采自青海省海北州规模化奶牛场、奶牛合作社、散养户的2 029份奶牛样品进行了临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎的检测。结果显示,临床型乳房炎发病率为4.29%,隐性乳房炎发病率为13.41%,临床型乳房炎乳头发病率为1.88%,隐性乳房炎乳头发病率为4.84%;临床型乳房炎的发病率以奶牛合作社(机器挤奶)最高,散养户(手工挤奶)次之,规模化奶牛场(机器挤奶)最低,隐性乳房炎的发病率均以奶牛合作社(机器挤奶)最高,规模化奶牛场(机器挤奶)次之,散养户(手工挤奶)最低;1胎、2胎的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均较低,5胎、6胎及以上的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均明显偏高;2岁、3岁的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均较低,6岁、7岁及以上的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均明显偏高。结果表明,青海省海北州奶牛群中存在不同程度的临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎的发病,且发病率与挤奶操作技术水平、奶牛胎次和奶牛年龄均具有一定的相关性,挤奶操作越严格发病率越低,胎次越高发病率越高,年龄越大发病率越高,此结果可为青海省奶牛乳房炎的综合防控提供依据。

In order to understand the prevalence of dairy cow mastitis in Haibei Prefecture,Qinghai Province,clinical mastitis and recessive mastitis were tested in 2016 for 2029 dairy cow samples collected from large-scale dairy farms,dairy cooperatives and free-range households in Haibei Prefecture,Qinghai Province.The results showed that the incidence of clinical mastitis was 4.29%,the incidence of recessive mastitis was 13.41%,the rate of nipple mastitis in clinical mastitis was 1.88%,and the rate of nipple mastitis in recessive mastitis was 4.84%;The incidence of clinical mastitis is highest in dairy cooperatives (machine milking),followed by free-range households (manual milking),and the lowest in large-scale dairy farms (machine milking),and the incidence of recessive mastitis is highest in dairy cooperatives (machine milking),followed by large-scale dairy farms (machine milking),and the lowest number of free-range households (manual milking);The morbidity,blind nipple rate and nipple rate in 1 parity and 2 parities were lower,the morbidity,blind nipple rate and nipple rate in 5 parities,6 parities and above were obviously higher;the morbidity,blind nipple rate and nipple rate of 2-year-old and 3-year-old were lower,and the morbidity,blind nipple rate and nipple rate of 6-year-old,7-year-old and over were obviously higher.The results showed that there were different degrees of clinical mastitis and recessive mastitis in the dairy cows in Haibei Prefecture of Qinghai Province,and the incidence was related to the skill level of milking operation,the parity of dairy cows and the age of dairy cows.The stricter the operation,the lower the prevalence rate,the higher the parity,the higher the prevalence rate,and the higher the age,the higher the prevalence rate.This result provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Qinghai Province.