日本古代律令制国家的形成与特点

Formation and Characteristics of Ancient Law and Order Country in Japan

集权与分权并立的早期国家权力关系结构使得日本很难凭借自身实现集权,在来自中国大陆的外部冲击下,大和朝廷以唐朝律令制为蓝本建立起了古代天皇制律令国家。然而,国家的政治统治形态具有时代性亦具有深层次的民族性,由于外来儒佛思想与日本本土神道思想的交织与相互作用,日本古代律令制国家呈现出了上层建筑(律令官僚制)与社会基础(旧氏姓制)相互依赖和矛盾的两重统治结构及神国性特点。

The structure of the early state power relations in which the centralization and decentralization were combined made it difficult for Japan to achieve centralization by itself.Under the external impact from China's Mainland,the Yamato court established a country with the ancient emperor Ritsuryo system taking the Tang Dynasty law as the blueprint.However,the state's political form has both a temporal spirit and a profound nationality.Due to interweaving and interaction between the domestic Japanese Shinto concept and the external Confucianism and Buddhism thoughts,the ancient Ritsuryo Japan presented the characteristics of State Shinto as well as a dual-regnant structure of interdependence and contradiction between the superstructure (Ritsuryo Bureaucracy System) and the social foundation (Ancient Clan System).