美国公共图书馆管理外包的案例分析与争论借鉴

Case Analysis and Dispute Reference on the Public Library Management Outsourcing in United States

图书馆外包首次出现在美国,并逐渐从非核心业务扩展到核心业务,甚至是管理外包。美国公共图书馆管理外包存在两种方式:部分管理外包即只外包业务管理,但不包括全部人员;还有一种方式是整体外包。通过管理外包,美国公共图书馆在政府责任、成本效率和公众使用等方面取得了一些成效,但同时在专业性、人员、利润、透明度等方面存在诸多争议。我国公共图书馆的管理外包,需要吸取美国经验:把握政府责任尺度,开展专业化监督,注重效率和公平,采取适当的外包方式,并对合同进行规范化管理。

Library Outsourcing first appeared in the United States,which gradually expand from non core business to core business,or even management outsourcing.There are two ways of public library outsourcing management in the United States,namely,part of management outsourcing,that is,outsourcing management,but not all personnel.Another way is overall outsourcing.Through management outsourcing,public libraries in the United States have achieved some results in terms of government responsibility,cost efficiency and public use,but there are many disputes in terms of professionalism,personnel,profits,transparency and so on.Considering outsourcing the management of public libraries in China,it is necessary to learn from American experience:to grasp the scale of government responsibility,to carry out professional supervision,to pay attention to efficiency and fairness,to adopt appropriate outsourcing methods,and to standardize the management of contracts.