广西玉米品种开花期抗旱性鉴定与评价

Identification and evaluation of drought tolerance of differentmaize varieties during flowering stage in Guangxi

选取20个广西玉米品种,在开花期进行干旱胁迫处理,测定叶片相对含水量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、SOD酶活性等生理指标,同时测定产量指标。通过五级评分法对生理生化指标进行抗旱性打分,通过产量指标计算抗旱指数,综合评价玉米开花期的抗旱性。结果表明,五级评分法综合得分在1.9293～5.6595之间,其中正大619、桂单162和桂单0810得分大于5.0,其次为迪卡008、先玉30T60、先正达901、庆农68、南美1号和万川1306得分在4.0～5.0之间。而抗旱指数值在0.4104～1.0963之间,其中桂单0810、太平洋99和正大619抗旱指数大于1.0,先玉30T60、迪卡008和南美1号抗旱指数在0.9～1.0间。两种评价结果之间的相关性为0.5887,达到极显著相关。五级评分法与抗旱指数可同时用于玉米开花期抗旱性评价。两方面评价结果均表现抗旱的品种为桂单0810、正大619、先玉30T60、迪卡008和南美1号,其中桂单0810和正大619为抗旱性极强品种。

Taking 20 maize varieties in Guangxi as materials,the drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes of maize during flowering stage and yield index were determined under drought stress.We synthetically evaluated the drought resistance of the maize flowering stage through the scores from a five-level grading method of drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes and drought index of yield.The results showed that five-level grading method composite scores were between 1.9293~5.6595,of which the evaluation scores of Zhengda 619,Guidan 162,and Guidan 0810 were higher than 5.0,followed by Dika 008,Xianyu 30T60,Xianzhengda 901,Qingnong 68,South America No.1 and Wanchuan 1306 scored between 4.0~5.0.Their drought indexes were between 0.4104~1.0963 among them,Guidan 0810,Pacific 99,and Zhengda 619 were higher than 1.0,followed by Xianyu 30T60,Dika 008 and South America No.1 were between 0.9~1.0.The relationship between the two kinds of evaluation results was significantly correlated with a coefficient of 0.5887.Thus,five-level grading method and drought index could be used to evaluate drought resistance of maize at flowering stage.Two aspects of the evaluation results showed that Guidan 0810,Zhengda 619,Xianyu 30T60,Dika 008,and South America No.1 were drought resistant varieties.Among them,Guidan 0810 and Zhengda 619 were strong drought resistant varieties.