旱地燕麦间作对土壤酶活性、微生物含量及产量的影响

Effects of intercropping of oat on soil enzyme activity,microbial content and yield in arid land

本文通过研究内蒙古旱作区禾本科、豆科及茄科间作对土壤生物性状的影响,旨在揭示燕麦(Avena sativa Linn)与不同作物间作及其单作在土壤酶活性、微生物量及土地当量比(LER)等方面的优势机理。本试验设置燕麦、黑豆(Glycinemax(L.)merr)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L)单作和黑豆间作燕麦、苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦共7个处理,探讨各处理对上述各指标的影响。结果表明:燕麦间作黑豆土地当量比最高,2015年和2016年分别为1.62和1.65。燕麦间作黑豆土壤脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性较苜蓿间作燕麦、马铃薯间作燕麦显著提高了5.00%～51.61%和5.73%～52.29%。2015年和2016年播种后75 d苜蓿间作燕麦土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著高于黑豆间作燕麦,分别提高了29.47%和40.56%。黑豆间作燕麦对比其他两间作处理土壤微生物的生物量碳、氮含量分别显著提高了2.70%～17.89%和11.36%～26.47%,土壤脲酶活性提高了1.51%～55.22%,蔗糖酶活性提高了5.73%～52.29%,是该地区最优的间作模式。

In this paper,the effects of intercropping of gramineae,leguminous and solanaceae on soil biological characters were studied in arid farming area in Inner Mongolia,in order to reveal the dominant mechanism of oat(Avena sativa Linn)on soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass,and land equivalent ratio(LER)compared with intercropping of different crops.There were 7 treatments including sole crop of oat,black bean(Glycinemax(L.)merr),alfalfa(Medicago sativa),potato(Solanum tuberosum L)and intercropping of black bean with oats,alfalfa with oats and potato with oats.The advantages of this mechanism were analyzed for the nature of indicators such as soil enzyme activity and land equivalent ratio.The results showed that the highest equivalent ratio of black bean land was 1.62 and 1.65 in 2015 and 2016,respectively.The soil urease activity and invertase activity of black bean intercropped with oats were significantly increased by 5.00% ~51.61% and 5.73% ~52.29% compared with alfalfa with oats and potato with oats.The soil catalase activity of alfalfa with oats was significantly higher than that of black bean with oats,29.47% and 40.56% in 2015 and 2016,respectively.The carbon and nitrogen contents in soil microbial biomass were significantly increased by 2.70% ~17.89% and 11.36% ~26.47% by the black bean with oat intercropping in those two years.The soil urease activity was increased by 1.51% ~55.22% and the sucrase activity was increased by 5.73% ~52.29% .Thus,it is the best intercropping mode in the region and can provide theoretical basis.