基于实测数据的夏热冬暖地区校园建筑负荷分析

Characteristics and Analysis of the Cooling and Electricity Loads of Institutional Buildings in a University Located in Hot Summer and Warm Winter Areas Based on Measured Data

建筑的负荷特征是建筑以及区域能源系统规划和设计的基础,也是建筑节能的关键所在。建筑的冷、热、电负荷变化很大,即使是同一区域同一类型的建筑,其负荷特征也不尽相同,从而影响到供能系统的配置和经济性。现有研究借助能耗模拟软件,分析过建筑的负荷特征,以及负荷变化规律对系统配置的影响,然而针对具体的实测数据,进行全年逐时冷负荷与电负荷分析的研究还比较少。本文采集了夏热冬暖地区某校园建筑的实时冷/电负荷,以该实测数据为基础,深入分析建筑群及各栋建筑的负荷特征,比较各栋建筑负荷的差异性,最后将实测负荷与传统单位面积负荷指标法进行对比分析。结果表明,同一类型的不同建筑,其负荷特征也存在较大差异,在系统设计阶段,应充分考虑不同建筑的差异,使得建筑能源系统的设计更为合理。

The load characteristics of buildings are the basis of energy planning and energy supply system design.The cooling,heating and electricity loads of buildings change significantly.Even for buildings in the same area and with the same function,the load profiles for each building can be very different.It will affect the configuration and economy of the energy supply system.Existing studies have analyzed the load characteristics of buildings,and the influence of load variation on the system configuration by the means of energy simulation software,but few studies have analyzed annual hourly cooling load and electricity load based on measured data.In this paper,the real-time cooling/electricity loads of buildings on a campus located in hot summer and warm winter areas are collected.The load characteristics of buildings and the whole campus are analyzed in detail based on measured data.Finally,the measured loads are compared with that calculated using the load index method.Results show that the load characteristics of buildings with similar functions vary significantly.To obtain an appropriate design of building energy systems,it is recommended to conduct detail load evaluation and consider uncertainties for different buildings.