美国管道焊接安全标准先进性探讨

The Difference Analysis on the Welding Safe Standards of China and the United States

焊接是管道建设和运行中的重要问题,保障管道焊接安全性具有重要意义。国内管道焊接存在安全监管需加强、风险识别不全面等问题。选取了美国行业协会API、AWS和NFPA的焊接安全标准,针对管道焊接安全管理模式、防护装备、消防措施、危险识别、通风、气体检测、受限空间安全等问题,研究了美国管道焊接安全标准先进性,表现在安全监管人承担救援职责,焊接防护装备功能性要求,焊接场所应用水喷淋消防设施,识别潜在的慢性健康危险因素,焊接场所局部排风、局部强制通风和全面机械通风方式,受限空间气体环境严格,以及IDLH专业救援方法等。研究借鉴美国焊接安全标准的先进经验,对于提高我国管道焊接技术水平具有参考价值。

Welding was the important problem during pipeline construction and operation state.It was important to ensure welding safe and personnel health.The American pipeline standards have strong authority and versatility,it was worth studying and learning.The paper selected American industry institute API,AWS and NFPA welding safety standards.Aiming at important problem for pipeline welding,including of safety management system,protection equipment,fire protection measures,risk identification,ventilation,limited space welding safety,combined with China pipeline engineering practice,the key technical differences of China and American pipeline welding safety standard was studied.The advancement of American pipeline welding safety standard was expounded,such as safety supervisors have rescue duties,welding protective equipment functional requirements,application of water spray fire facilities at welding areas,identifying chronic potential health hazard factors,welding places local ventilation,local mandatory ventilation and overall mechanical ventilation,confined space gas environment strictly,and professional rescue IDLH methods.By studying the advanced experience and recommended practice of American welding safety standards,it will be of reference value to improve the safety level of welding in China petroleum industry.