明代琉球转运贸易兴衰探因

Exploration of the Rise and Fall of Ryukyu Transport Trade in Ming Dynasty

明代琉球转运贸易的兴衰变化是多种因素共同作用的。其兴盛的原因主要有:统一的王国体制、明朝厉行海禁政策、明政府的各种优遇政策以及有利的贸易环境。其衰落的原因主要有:西人东来的压力、明朝开放海禁而华商崛起、琉球本身的产业缺陷。反思和分析琉球转运贸易的兴衰成因,既有助于对明朝海禁政策作多面的理解,也有助于对前近代南海甚至东亚海域贸易圈内部的流动作更深的观察。

The rise and fall of Ryukyu transport trade in the Ming dynasty were caused by many factors. The main reasons for its prosperity are: unified kingdom system,strict maritime prohibition policy of Ming dynasty,various preferential policies of Ming government and favorable trading environment. The main reasons for its decline are: the pressure of westerners coming from the east,the opening of the Ming dynasty and the rise of Chinese merchants,and the industrial defects of Ryukyu itself. Reflecting on and analyzing the causes of the rise and fall of Ryukyu transshipment trade is not only conducive to the all-around understanding of the maritime prohibition policy of the Ming dynasty,but also conducive to a deeper observation of the internal flow of the maritime trade circle in the south China sea and even east Asia in the early modern times.