饲料代谢能水平和形态对褐壳蛋种鸡生长性能及消化道发育的影响

Effects of different metabolism energy levels and feed forms on growth performance and development of digestive traits of brown eggshell pullets

文章旨在研究日粮不同代谢能水平和饲料形态(颗粒料和粉料)对褐壳蛋种鸡生长性能及消化道发育的影响。试验选择健康、体重一致的1日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡1296只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复36只鸡。试验采取3×2多因素方差设计,其中3个代谢能水平,2个饲料形态(颗粒料和粉料)。试验分为3个阶段,共120 d。结果 :1～45 d和1～120 d种鸡日采食量和料比随着能量水平的升高显著降低(P <0.05),日增重显著升高(P <0.05)。1～45 d饲喂颗粒料的种鸡较粉料显著提高了采食量和日增重(P <0.05),其中日增重升高一直持续到试验末期(P <0.05)。45 d种鸡饲喂高能水平日粮显著降低了消化道、肌胃和腺胃的相对重量(P <0.05),120 d种鸡饲喂低能水平日粮显著提高了肌胃的相对重量(P <0.05)。饲喂颗粒饲料的45 d种鸡肌胃、腺胃和消化道的相对长度最低(P <0.05),同时小肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠的相对长度也显著降低(P <0.05)。日粮粉料显著提高了120 d种鸡肌胃和腺胃的相对重量(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮高代谢能水平改善了所有阶段褐壳蛋鸡的生长性能,但对体重均匀度无显著影响。1～45 d种鸡饲喂颗粒料可以提高日采食量和日增重,对料比无显著影响。1～45 d种鸡日粮代谢能升高降低了120 d种鸡肌胃相对重量。

This study aimed to study the effects of different metabolism energy levels and feed forms on growth performance and development of digestive traits of brown eggshell pullets.A total of 1296 Hyline brown eggshell layers aged 1 d were allotted to 6 groups with 6 replicates of 36 pullets.The diets were designed by 3×2 factors,namely,3 metabolism energy levels and 2 feed forms(pellet and mash).The trial last 120 d including 3 stages.Results showed that from 1 to 45 of age,feed intake and feed conversion ratio was reduced and body weight gain was increased(P<0.05)when the metabolism energy of the diet increased.From 1 to 45 d of age,pullets fed pellets had higher feed intake and body weight gain(P<0.05)than pullets fed mash and the difference in body weight gain was maintained at the end of the experiment.At 45 d of age,pullets fed the high energy diets had lower relative weight of the digestive tract,gizzard and proventriculus(P<0.05).Feeding pellets reduced the relative weight of the gizzard,proventriculus and digestivetract at 45 d of age(P<0.05).The relative length of the small intestine,jejunum,ileum and ceca was reduced at this age(P<0.05).At 120 d of age,the relative weight of gizzard and proventriculus that were heavier for pullets previously fed mash than for those fed pellets(P<0.05).In conclusion,an increase in the energy content of the diet of Hy-Line Brown pullets improved growth performance at all ages but had no effects on BW uniformity.Feeding pellets from 1 to 45 d of age improved body weight gain and feed intake but feed conversion ratio was not affected.