不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响

Effects of different fiber sources on organs development and pH in gastro intestine of broilers

文章旨在研究不同纤维原料对肉鸡组织器官发育及胃肠道pH的影响。试验选择初始体重为(41.25±1.58)g的1日龄肉仔鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只,试验共进行8 d。试验共设计4种日粮,对照组饲喂低纤维水平日粮(中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别是37和16 g/kg),其他3组分别在对照组日粮中添加30 g/kg纤维素、甜菜粕和燕麦皮(添加量等量替代海泡石)。甜菜粕组肉鸡胃肠道相对重量显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。燕麦皮组肉鸡肌胃相对重量显著高于甜菜粕组(P <0.05),而燕麦皮和甜菜粕组显著高于对照组和纤维素组(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,甜菜粕较对照组显著提高了肌胃内容物相对重量(P <0.05)。与纤维素和燕麦皮组相比,甜菜粕组显著提高了嗉囊pH(P <0.05),降低了腺胃pH(P <0.05)。甜菜粕和燕麦皮组肌胃pH显著低于纤维素和对照组(P <0.05)。甜菜粕组空肠、梅克尔憩室和回肠pH显著高于对照组和燕麦皮组(P <0.05),而纤维素组PH最低(P <0.05)。燕麦皮和纤维素组结肠pH显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。日粮添加甜菜粕和燕麦皮可以提高肉鸡肌胃活力,降低胃肠道前段的pH,但对十二指肠pH无显著影响。燕麦皮对内容物pH和肌胃重量的影响与其具有较高的粒度平均直径有关,甜菜粕的作用主要与其具有较高的系水力和膨胀度有关。

This study aimed to evaluate the dietary supplementation of different fiber sources on organs development and pH in gastro intestine of broilers.A total of 320 broilers with the average body weight(41.25±1.58)g and aged 1 d were allotted to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 20 broilers.The control group fed with the low fiber contents diet(neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were 37 and 16 g/kg,respectively),while the fiber sources diets fed with the control diet addition of 30 g/kg cellulose,sugar beet pulp and oat hull,respectively and the addition amounts were subtracted by sepiolite.Results showed that sugar beet pulp increased the pH of the crop and reduced that of the proventriculus as compared to the other fibre sources(P<0.05).Gizzard pH was lower for the sugar beet pulp and the oat hull diets than for the cellulous and the control diets(P<0.05).The pH in the jejunum,Meckel’s diverticulum insertion and ileum was higher for chicks fed the sugar beet pulp diet than for chicks fed the cellulose diet with chicks fed the oat hull and the control diets being intermediate(P<0.05).In addition,colon pH was lower(P<0.05)for oat hull and cellulous diets than for the control diet,with that of the sugar beet pulp diet being intermediate.In conclusion,the response of the gastro intestine to fiber inclusion in the diet varied according to the fiber source tested.The inclusion of moderate amounts of sugar beet pulp and oat hull increased gizzard activity and reduced the pH of the upper part of the gastro intestine with no effect on the pH of the duodenum.The beneficial effects of oat hull inclusion on digesta pH and gizzard weight might be related to the high mean particle size and resistance to grinding of this fibre source.In contrast,the effects of sugar beet pulp were probably related to its high water holding capacity and swelling capacity.