相声中四种主要幽默技法的失谐理论分析

An Analysis of Four Main Humor Techniques in Crosstalk Based on the Incongruity Theory

失谐理论又称乖讹-消解理论,是心理学、语言学中主要的幽默理论之一。失谐理论认为幽默是由预期信息和实际结果的差异在认知上产生的不一致感引起的。相声作为一种幽默艺术,是语言幽默的典型代表。相声中常使用语音、语义、逻辑、修辞四种幽默技法来创造“包袱”,产生幽默效果。这四种幽默技法均体现了失谐理论。本文从失谐理论的角度,结合相声作品实例,对四种幽默技法进行分析,探究幽默产生的原理所在,并对相声的创作给出指导。

The incongruity theory,also known as the incongruity-resolution theory,is one of the main humor theories in psychology and linguistics.This theory believes that humor is caused by the cognitive incongruity between the expected information and the actual results.As a humorous art,crosstalk is a typical representative of language humor.In crosstalk,four kinds of humor techniques of voice,semantics,logic and rhetoric,are often used to create“Baofu”to produce humorous effects.And the four kinds of humor techniques are all embodied in the incongruity theory of humor.From the perspective of the theory,this paper analyzes the four main humor techniques and explores the principles of humor in crosstalk in combination with examples of crosstalk works.Lastly,the paper offers some suggestions on the creation of crosstalk.