自利的三种形式

Three Forms of Self-interest

自利指主体出于过一种“好生活”的动机而为自己谋取利益,这是人类行为的基本特征,不同于利己主义。自利存在三种形式,即生存性自利、价值性自利和道德性自利。生存性自利是保证主体满足其本能性的需求,同时,它也是价值性自利和道德性自利的前提;价值性自利是人们在具体行为中所追求的目标,无论这一目标是满足了自身的价值性自利还是他人的价值性自利;道德性自利是价值性自利在道德关系中的延伸,它是在主体无法独立实现价值性自利、并身处某种现实或可能的道德关系时才存在的。

Self-interest means to benefit self for well-being,which is the characteristic of human behavior,and different from egoism.There are three forms of self-interest,including survival self-interest,value self-interest,and moral self-interest.Survival self-interest,which ensures that the subject satisfies instinctual needs,is also a prerequisite for value self-interest and moral self-interest.Value self-interest is the object of particular behavior of humans,no matter whose object it is.Moral self-interest extends value self-interest in the moral relation,which exists when the agent cannot gain value self-interest by him-or her-self.