副词“总算”“终于”与“到底”的对比分析

The Comparative Analysis of Adverbs “Zongsuan(总算)”“Zhongyu(终于)” and “Daodi(到底)”

现代汉语中的语气副词"总算""终于"和时间副词"到底"在语义上具有共同特征,都能表示经过较长过程后出现了某种结果,但是三者在具体用法上存在着一定差别。语义方面,"总算"后的命题一般是说话人预期的结果,"终于"和"到底"后的命题既可表说话人希望发生的结果,也可表说话人不希望发生的结果;"总算"和"终于"侧重于强调事件的时间性,"到底"既强调事件的时间性,也能强调事件过程的曲折性。句法方面,探讨了三者在句子中的位置分布,阐述了它们述谓性、主观性的特点。语用方面,分析了各自的评价功能和凸显焦点功能。

In modern Chinese,the adverb "Zongsuan(总算)"“Zhongyu(终于)" and “Daodi(到底)" have common characteristics in the semantic meaning,which can indicate that there is kind of a result after a process.But there are differences in usage.In the semantic aspect,“Zongsuan (总算)" generally indicates the expected result,“Zhongyu(终于)" and “Daodi(到底)" can both indicate the result that expected or does not want to happen;In the semantic emphasis,“Zongsuan(总算") and “Zhongyu(终于)" focus on the timeliness of the event,and“Daodi(到底)" both focuses on the timeliness and curvature of the event.In the sentence construction,the position distribution of the three in the sentence is described,besides,the predication and flexibility are summarized.In the pragmatic features,these evaluation function and highlight focus function were investigated.