关于恶性胸膜间皮瘤的病因和内科治疗的简述

A Brief Introduction to Etiology and Medical Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma,MPM)是一种极高侵袭性的肿瘤,常侵袭至胸膜腔及周围结构,在临床中缺乏高效的治疗举措,预后极差,MPM同时也是胸膜原发肿瘤中最多见的类型,其在过去五十年中的发病率急剧上升,虽然胸片、CT引导下的胸膜活检、FDG-PET-CT、免疫组化标记以及双侧胸腔镜等检查方式可在一定程度上发现早期MPM,然而,绝大多数患者确诊时即处疾病的中后期,因此手术治疗效果不佳。此时,基于应用药物为主的内科治疗已成为治疗MPM的关键措施。目前,化学治疗、分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗是MPM临床治疗的主要举措。传统的化疗是MPM全面性、根治性医治的措施之一,除此之外,亦可有减缓症状、延长晚期因种种原因无法进行手术或放射治疗的MPM患者生命的手段;相比化疗而言,靶向治疗可言之为有目的、有选择地杀灭肿瘤细胞,而不累及其余正常细胞的治疗方式,成为目前MPM治疗的重要治疗方法;肿瘤免疫疗法是针对人体免疫系统、增强免疫效应来灭杀肿瘤细胞,从而治疗癌症,并成为MPM治疗的新兴力量。

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM)is a highly invasive tumor that often invades into the pleural cavity and surrounding structures.It lacks effective therapeutic measures in the clinic,and the prognosis is extremely poor.MPM is also the primary pleural effusion.The most common type of tumor,its incidence has risen sharply in the past 50 years,although chest X-ray,CT-guided pleural biopsy,FDG-PET-CT,immunohistochemical markers and bilateral thoracoscopic examinations can be used.Early stage MPM was found to a certain extent.However,the vast majority of patients were diagnosed at the middle and late stages of the disease,so the surgical treatment was not effective.At this time,medical treatment based on applied drugs has become a key measure for the treatment of MPM.At present,chemotherapy,molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the main measures for clinical treatment of MPM.Traditional chemotherapy is one of the measures for comprehensive and radical treatment of MPM.In addition,there are ways to slow down symptoms and prolong the life of MPM patients who cannot be operated or treated for radiation in various stages.Targeted therapy can be said to have a purposeful and selective killing of tumor cells without involving other normal cells.It has become an important treatment for MPM treatment,tumor immunotherapy is aimed at the human immune system and enhances immune effects.To kill tumor cells,thereby treating cancer and becoming an emerging force in MPM treatment.