网络谣言治理的政府机制:法律界限与权力约束

The Government Mechanism of Governance to Internet Rumor:Legal Boundaries and Power Constraints

政府在网络谣言治理中扮演着越来越重要的角色,基于法律规范的依据与转型社会的需求,政府规制网络谣言具有法律上的正当性基础,但是,政府的规制权力并非无限,其在言论对象、言论内容、言论的主观心理、言论性质和言论的社会后果等方面都有法律界限。政府在规制网络谣言时,需要区分言论的不同类型:针对个人事务的言论和针对公共事务的言论,事实言论和意见言论,善意言论和恶意言论,部分虚假言论和全部虚假言论,虚拟危害言论和现实危害言论。为了防止政府权力的滥用,应从权源层面对事前的权力授予进行限制,从程序层面对事中的权力行使进行限制,从监督层面对事后的权力违法进行限制。

The government is playing more and more important role in the governance to internet rumor. It is legitimate for government to regulate internet rumor because of the law and transitional society. However, the power of government is limited and there are legal bounds in the subject of speech, the content of speech, the psychology of speech, the nature of speech and the consequence of speech. It is necessary for government to distinguish different kinds of speech, including the speech of individual affair and the speech of public affair, the speech of facts and the speech of values, kind speech and vicious speech, partly false speech and whole false speech, the speech of virtual harm and the speech of real harm. In order to control the government of power, we need to control the power from the level of conferring power, the level of procedure and the level of supervision.