工业大气污染治理的环境经济政策体系研究

Research on environmental economic policy system of industrial air pollution control

分析了工业能源利用过程中大气污染防治的环境经济政策。从产业结构调整、能效优化、排污管理等层面对现行政策进行梳理和分析,并通过模拟中国不同类型城市的发展情景,提出对应的政策组合选择建议:对于数量扩张型城市,可选择增值税优惠、信贷融资支持政策,鼓励环境友好型、科技创新型产业的发展;对于资源依赖型城市,可选择合理设定资源税从价计征税率,发展排污权交易,辅以能效领跑者制度,引导产业结构调整,鼓励企业提高能效,并对污染物排放进行较为严格的管理;对于综合发展型城市,可推行企业环保信用奖惩机制,充分发挥信用体系在现代经济社会中的重要性,促进企业向环境友好型发展,约束和推动企业兼顾业务拓展和环境责任。

The environmental economic policies for industrial air pollution control in the process of industrial energy utilization were analyzed by classifying and analyzing the current policies from the aspects of industrial structure adjustment, energy efficiency optimization and pollution discharge management, simulating the development scenarios of different types of cities in China, and proposing corresponding policy combination choices. For "quantity expansion" cities, VAT preferential policies and credit financing support policies were recommended to encourage the development of environmentally friendly and technologically innovative industries. For "resource-dependent" cities, it is suggested to set suitable ad valorem resource tax rate, promote tradable emission permits, supplemented by energy efficiency leader system, so as to guide industrial structure adjustment and encourage enterprises to improve energy efficiency, while conducting stricter management of pollutant emissions. For "comprehensive development-oriented" cities, it is desirable to promote the corporate environmental credit reward and punishment mechanism, give full play to the importance of the credit system in the modern economy, promote the development of environmentally friendly enterprises, and constrain and promote the enterprise to take into account both business development and environmental responsibility.