2010—2018年大理白族自治州食源性疾病暴发监测结果分析

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreak data in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from year 2010 to 2018

目的分析2010—2018年大理白族自治州(简称大理州)食源性疾病暴发事件的流行特征,为食源性疾病防控和预警提供科学依据。方法按时间、致病因素、地区分布、场所分布对2010—2018年大理州食源性疾病暴发事件进行统计分析,并对时间和场所分布进行聚类分析。结果大理州2010—2018年间,食源性疾病暴发事件报告数总体呈上升趋势,高发月份是6～9月和11月,野生菌及草乌、附子等乌头类是主要的致病、致死原因食品(占报告起数的57.41%)。沙门菌引起的食源性疾病占微生物性食源性疾病的75.00%。全州12县市报告情况具有地区差异,发病场所主要集中在家庭(占报告起数的63.41%)。结论大理州食源性疾病防控的重点场所是家庭,高发季节应加大对野生菌及草乌、附子等乌头类引起的食源性疾病的预警,由沙门菌引起的食源性疾病也不容忽视,全州12县市仍应加强对食源性疾病暴发监测报告的监督管理。

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreak in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture from year 2010 to 2018 and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods The outbreak of foodborne diseases in Dali Prefecture from 2010 to 2018 was analyzed according to time, pathogenic factors, regional distribution and site distribution, and clustering analysis was performed in terms of time and site distribution. Results From 2010 to 2018, the number of reports for foodborne diseases in Dali Prefecture showed an overall upward trend. The peak seasons were June to September and November. Wild fungi, monkshood and aconitum were the main causes of illness and death (57.41% of reports). Foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella accounted for 75.00% of microbial foodborne diseases. There were regional differences in the reports of 12 counties and municipalities, and the residence was the primary place for developing the disease (63.41% of reports). Conclusions Family residences are the key places for foodborne diseases prevention and control in Dali. Early warning of foodborne diseases caused by wild fungi or aconitum should be strengthened in the peak season. Foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella cannot be ignored. Supervision and management of monitoring reports of foodborne diseases outbreaks should be strengthened in the 12 counties and cities in Dali.