文化张力结构下的悲剧:对莎士比亚《李尔王》的解读

The Tragedy under the Tension of Christianity and Paganism Spirit——Interpretation of Shakespeare's King Lear

文艺复兴时期,宗教信仰开始解体,异教精神迅速崛起并对那个时代的作家产生了深刻影响。在此背景下,莎士比亚并没有放弃以基督教的神性视野观照人性。基督教和异教精神在莎士比亚的创作中形成一种张力,它使莎士比亚悲剧具有无可比拟的深度,并产生了与古希腊悲剧迥异的旨趣。这种张力在剧作《李尔王》中体现为基督上帝始终没有正面出场却处处在场,体现为剧中人的平庸与渺小、疯狂与卑鄙,以及对爱之化身毁灭的绝望和对永恒之爱的祈望。

During the Renaissance,with religious belief disintegrating generally,pagan spirit rapidly rise and extensive influence on writers of the era. In this context,Shakespeare did not give up reflecting on human nature with the divine vision of Christianity. Christianity and paganism spirit formed a kind of tension in Shakespeare’s writing. The tension is the fundamental cause of that Shakespeare’s tragedy has incomparable spiritual depth,as well as the purport different from the ancient Greek tragedy. The tension embodied in the play King Lear with Christ god who never positive appear but present everywhere,dramatis personae who are mediocre and small,crazy and mean,despair for the destruction of love embodiment and desire for eternal love.