边城瑞丽公益组织的国际理念与草根精神:一个道德人类学的探索

NGO Global,Volunteerism Local:An Exploration of Moral Anthropology

本文是从道德的视角考察全球公益事业及其地方实践的民族志。人类学研究中常见"道德"一词,但对道德的概念内涵及用法本身的阐述并不多,在回顾近年两位人类学家提出的道德框架之后,本文尝试根据田野经验,从体验、思考道德和伦理的三个层面进行阐释:作为正常/规范的道德,作为善之实践的道德和作为情动力的生命伦理。在作为正常/规范的道德出现动荡与不确定性的境况中,当地一个公益组织响应全球人道主义的呼唤,从事一项为了善的生命道德事业,改善了边城的健康与发展状况。在实践这项道德使命的过程中,以妇女为主体的组织员工创造了一个不断进取的与国际公益理念接轨的"生命—环境",其中特别突出的是一些农村的HIV感染者妇女,她们以草根志愿者的身份参与公益事业,在奉献中体验到生命情动力本身的飞扬与实现,从而实践着一种生命伦理。通过这个道德人类学的探索,本文试图为公益组织的实践如何落到实处,以及社会变迁中人如何实践更美好的生活,提供一些经验的及理论的参照。

This paper is an exploratory research of moral anthropology focused on the local practices of global NGOs.For over more than 10 years,Ruili Women and Children Development Center(the Center)in southwest border of China has developed itself into a NGO that adopts international practices and fosters a spirit of grassroots volunteer dedication.In this paper,two anthropologists’ analytic framework of morality will be examined and the author’s view on morality/ethics based on the above case study will be discussed in three aspects:morality as norm,morality as good deeds,and ethics as effect of life itself.The Center came into existence in response to the decline and uncertainty of local morality norm.Under such a condition,the Center alliances itself with the transnational global humanitarian ideas and practices to provide the much needed medical care for the sick in the region.In the process,the Center,mainly made of female members,has created a viable organization that is in tune with global NGO humanitarian concepts and practices and an army of devoted volunteers,especially among the HIV infected women,who have found new meanings and ethics in life.This study hopes to broaden our theoretical and experiential understanding of NGOs,and of how to meet the societal needs at the times of social change.