近年来气象灾害对风电场影响的研究进展

A Review of the Effect of Meteorological Disasters on Wind Farms in Recent Years

随着风电场的大量兴建,气象灾害对于风电场安全的影响问题受到越来越多的关注,气象灾害会使风电场内设备受损,发电效益降低。主要论述的气象灾害包括:台风、雷电、低温冰冻、暴雨、沙尘暴、高温等相关灾害,简单分析气象灾害对风电场各划分单元(风电机组、集电线路、升压站、建筑、道路)的影响程度和分类。通过近十几年来国内外气象灾害对风电场影响相关文献的综述,分析发现台风大风对风电场造成较大的机械破坏;雷电造成风机和电网损坏;低温冰冻引发设备覆冰、机械故障及发电量损失;暴雨诱发山洪,冲毁风电场内建筑和道路,引发内涝淹没地面设备;沙尘暴主要影响在于大风破坏和沙尘撞击叶片等敏感设备;高温引起电器设备温度升高,引发火灾爆炸;台风、暴雨引起的滑坡泥石流、高温干旱引发山林草原火灾等次生灾害危害风电场。

With the large-scale construction of wind farms, more and more attention has been paid to the influence of meteorological disasters on the safety of wind farms. Meteorological disasters can damage the equipment in wind farms and reduce the efficiency of power generation. The meteorological disasters discussed in this paper mainly include: typhoon, thunderstorm and lightning, icing, rainstorm, sandstorm, high temperature, and other related disasters. We simply analyze the impact degree and classification of meteorological disasters on various divisions of wind farms (e.g., wind turbines, collectors, boosters, buildings, and roads). Based on the domestic and global literature, this paper comprehensively discusses the research on the influence of meteorological disasters on wind farms in recent decades. It is found that typhoon causes great mechanical damage to wind farm;Lightning could damage wind turbines and power grids;Icing causes equipment icing, mechanical failure and power generation loss;Rainstorm induces mountain torrents, which wash away buildings and roads in the wind farm and cause waterlogging and inundation of ground equipment;The main influence of sandstorm lies in the damage of wind and the impact of sand and dust on the blades and other sensitive equipment. High temperature causes the temperature of electrical equipment to rise, causing fire and explosion. Attention should be paid to secondary disasters such as typhoons, landslides and mudslides caused by rainstorms, fires in forests and grasslands caused by high temperature and drought.