齐齐哈尔半干旱区春玉米节水旱作技术模式研究

Study on Water-saving and Dry Farming Technology Model of Spring Maize in Semi-arid Area of Qiqihar

为研究齐齐哈尔西部半干旱区的节水效果,以先玉335为试验材料,设计常规种植和原垄坐水两个处理,分析原垄坐水处理对土壤容重、水分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:播种前土壤容重在0～10和10～20 cm土层差异不显著,在20～30 cm土层中,原垄坐水处理土壤容重较常规种植低2.24%。而原垄坐水处理,在成熟期土壤容重在10～20 cm土层较常规种植下降4.23%,其他土层无明显差异。不同处理播种前和抽穗期土壤含水量无明显差异。苗期和拔节期时,与常规种植相比,原垄坐水处理土壤0～20 cm含水量高4.13%和11.32%。原垄坐水处理比常规种植水分利用效率提高8.30%、出苗率提高6.34%、籽粒含水量降低4.23%,产量增幅为9.11%。

In order to study the effect of water saving in semi-arid area of western Qiqihar,taking Xianyu 335 as experimental material,conventional planting and water-sitting planting on original ridge were designed to analyze the effects of water-sitting planting on original ridge on soil bulk density,water content and maize yield.The results showed that before sowing,the soil bulk density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers had no significant difference between the two treatments.In 20-30 cm soil layer,the soil bulk density of water-sitting planting on original ridge was 2.24% lower than that of conventional planting.However,the soil bulk density of water-sitting planting on original ridge decreased by 4.23% in the 10-20 cm soil layer at maturity compared with the conventional planting,and there was no significant difference in other soil layers.There was no significant difference in soil water content between different treatments before sowing and at heading stage.At seedling stage and jointing stage,compared with conventional planting,the water content of 0-20 cm soil layer treated with water-sitting planting on original ridge was 4.13% and 11.32%.Compared with conventional planting,the water use efficiency of original ridge-sitting water treatment increased by 8.30% the emergence rate increased by 6.34%,the grain water content decreased by 4.23%,and the yield increased by 9.11%.