利益相关者视角下高职院校产教融合的必然选择与发展路径

The Inevitable Choice and Development Path of the Integration of Production and Education in Higher Vocational Colleges from the Perspective of Stakeholders

产教融合是新形势下职业教育办学的基本模式,也是提高职业人才培养质量的关键所在。分析职业教育产教融合中各利益相关者的利益诉求,深入剖析产教融合与传统的校企合作、工学结合、顶岗实习的区别。研究发现推进"产教融合"困难的主要问题有地方政府配套政策措施不够具体,校企双方缺乏合作基础,企业参与动力不足,家长和社会的理解支持不够等。认为解决"产教融合"问题的关键是要在宏观层面,地方政府出台实质性的优惠政策措施,强化行业指导作用,赋予行业应有职能。微观层面在建立机制、专业设置与建设、课程实施、师资队伍和文化育人方面开展产教融合,各利益相关方多层次全方法共同发力,才能建立真正的"产教融合"人才培养模式。

The integration of industry and education is the basic mode of vocational education under the new situation. It is the inherent requirement for cultivating high-quality workers and technical talents,and also the key to the success of vocational education. This paper analyzes the interest demands of the stakeholders in the integration of industry and education in vocational education,and further analyzes the differences between the integration of industry and education and the traditional school-enterprise cooperation,the combination of engineering and study,and the internship in the post. It is found that the main problems in promoting the "integration of industry and education" include the lack of specific supporting policies and measures of local governments,the lack of cooperation basis between schools and enterprises,the lack of motivation for enterprises to participate and the lack of understanding and support from parents and society. It is believed that the key to solve the problem of "integration of industry and education" is to introduce substantial preferential policies and measures at the macro level,strengthen the guiding role of the industry,and endow the industry with due functions. At the micro level, the integration of industry and education should be carried out in terms of mechanism establishment,specialty setting and construction,curriculum implementation,faculty and cultural education. Only when all stakeholders work together in a multi-level and all-method way can the real "integration of industry and education" talent training mode be established.