能力建设导向的包容性国际产能合作

Capacity-building-oriented and Inclusive International Production Capacity Cooperation

随着经济发展水平的提高,中国的对外直接投资快速增长,一度成为FDI的净流出国。作为世界第二大经济体和工业、制造业规模最大的发展中大国,由中国所发起的"一带一路"倡议以及作为其重要内容的国际产能合作与历史上发达国家进行的国际产业转移在参与国的经济发展阶段、国际分工格局、母国产业体系和产业地位、制造业规模等方面存在巨大差异,这些差异对国际产能合作的特征产生重要影响。本文将"一带一路"倡议下中国政府推动和中国企业参与的国际产能合作概括为"能力建设导向的包容性产能合作"。能力建设导向的包容性产能合作在参与主体、投资领域、后果等方面都呈现出与以往国际直接投资显著不同的新特征,其合作机制包括增强自生能力、促进经济发展、扩大出口和完善产业生态建设。尽管"一带一路"倡议背景下的国际产能合作长期来看能够实现中国与"一带一路"沿线国家的共赢和可持续发展,但是对于其中蕴含的风险也要高度重视,未雨绸缪地加以应对。

With the high-speed growth of the economy,China's FDI outflow grew rapidly and once became a net FDI outflow country.As a developing countries with the second-largest economy and the first-largest industry and manufacturing,the “Belt and Road” initiative proposed by China as well as the international production capacity cooperation are quite different from the international industrial transfer carried out by the developed countries in the past in the following four aspects:the stages of the participating countries’ economic development,the pattern of the international division of labor,home countries’ industrial systems and international status,and the scale of home country’s manufacturing industry.The huge differences would have a significant impact on the characteristics of international production capacity cooperation.This paper summarizes the international production capacity cooperation promoted by Chinese government and Chinese enterprises participating under the “Belt and Road” initiative as the“capacity-building oriented and inclusive international production capacity cooperation”.It presents new characteristics significantly different from the previous international direct investment in terms of participants,investment fields and consequences,and its cooperation mechanism includes enhancing viability,promoting economic development,expanding exports and improving industrial ecosystems.Although international production capacity cooperation could achieve win-win and sustainable development among China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” routes,the risks involved should also be taken seriously and prepared for in advance.