厌氧氨氧化研究的分子生态学进展

Molecular ecology progress of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction

厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX)通常指微生物在厌氧条件下,以亚硝酸根为电子受体,将铵根离子氧化成氮气的过程,主要由浮霉菌门(Planctomycetales)细菌驱动。厌氧氨氧化菌广泛分布于陆地与海洋生态系统里,在全球氮循环中发挥着重要的作用。本文综合分析了在群落水平、细胞水平、分子和组学水平下厌氧氨氧化过程的生态学研究进展,结合不同尺度下的方法与技术介绍,初步探讨和展望了不同生态系统中厌氧氨氧化的前沿问题与研究方向。

The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reaction with nitrite as an electron acceptor and nitrogen as a product is mediated by bacteria which belong to Planctomycetales. The ANAMMOX bacteria are ubiquitous and play an essential role in global nitrogen cycle. Here, combining the introduction of methods and techniques frequently used, we summarized the progress of ANAMMOX and divided the research history into three levels: 1) community;2) cell;3) molecular and omics analysis. Based on their introduction, we clarified the progress in ANAMMOX driven by them, and discussed some questions exiting in this field and put forward new methods and techniques that may be helpful.