现实与蓝图:近代河南航运体系的演变与市场建构研究

The Blueprint and Reality: the Evolution and Construction of the Water Transport System in Modern Henan

近代河南的航运体系,继承了明清两代以来传统时期的格局。在经济增长方式的转型中,近代河南的航运体系仍然依靠较为传统的运输方式,与铁路等新兴的交通方式相结合,实现着构建市场体系的功能,并促进了一批中心城市的兴起,影响着区域经济格局的发展。近代河南的航运体系,一直面临着如航道淤塞,水利与航运功能的转化等问题,但河南省政府及相关社会组织,仍然在断断续续地进行着诸如对通行轮船运输、建立航运公会、设计全省航运体系等多方面的尝试。但由于受自然环境的恶化、纷乱的政治与军事形势,以及拮据的财政条件等方面的约束,近代河南的航运体系未能实现长期规划的蓝图,并在制度化的实践中无法取得成果,而是在近代史的大背景下不可挽回地走向停滞与衰落,时代影响下的客观条件是无法突破的。

The water transport system of modern Henan was the result of traditional period.In the transformation of the mode of economic growth,the water transport system of modern Henan still relied on the relatively traditional mode of transport,combined with the railway and other emerging modes of transport,realizing the function of constructing the market system,and promoting the rise of a number of central cities,affecting the development of regional economic pattern.The water transport system of modern Henan had to always faced with such problems as siltation of navigation channels,transformation of water conservancy and water transport functions,etc.,but the government of Henan province and relevant social organizations were still making attempts in various aspects such as passing ship transportation,establishing shipping communities and designing the water transport system of the whole province on and off.But due to the deterioration of the natural environment,the tumultuous political and military situation,as well as the poor conditions of fiscal constraints,such as modern water transport system failed to realize the blueprint of long-term planning in Henan,and the results cannot be obtained in the institutionalization of practice,the irreversible stagnation and decline was because of the context of the modern history,the objective conditions under the influence of the modern era was unable to break through.