20世纪50年代越剧与评弹国营剧团演出活动比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Performances of Yue Opera and State-owned Pingtan Troupes in the 1950s

20世纪50年代对越剧、评弹等戏曲艺术的社会主义改造,致使组织化运动风起云涌,国营性剧团应运而生。以浙江越剧团、上海评弹团为代表的国营剧团发挥了试验示范的作用,在对外演出中,展示诸多相似之处。在服务对象的确立方面,由为都市居民演出转变为全心全意为工农兵服务,形成下厂、下乡、下部队的"三下"运动。在时空范围的扩大方面,活动空间的拓展、巡演时间的延长,塑造了思想统一的民众、秩序稳定的社会、政权巩固的国家。将两个剧团演出活动进行比较,既能阐述共同时代背景下国营剧团的普遍特征,又可描绘社会变迁过程中艺人命运的跌宕起伏,更重要的是,能够以小见大地勾勒新旧鼎革全貌。

In the 1950s,the new regime carried out socialist transformation of opera arts,such as Yue Opera and Pingtan Opera,resulting in a surge of organized movements and the emergence of state-owned Pingtan Troupes.The state-owned troupes represented by Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe and Shanghai Pingtan Troupe played an experimental and exemplary role and presented many similarities in their performances.In terms of the targeted audience,both troupes shifted from performing for urban residents to serving workers,peasants and soldiers wholeheartedly,forming the Volunteer Activities for the Country People.The expansion of performing area and the extension of tour time has shaped a unified people,a stable society and a country with consolidated political power.Comparing the performances of the two troupes can not only illustrate the general characteristics of state-owned troupes under the same historical background,but also describe the ups and downs of artists' fate in the process of social change.More importantly,this comparative study sketches the whole picture of the historical transition.