接触干预在减少精神障碍公众污名中的应用

Application of contact intervention to reduce public stigma of mental disorders

接触干预是减少精神障碍公众污名的重要方式之一。不同接触形式已被广泛应用在减少公众污名的干预研究中,且被证实在态度、情感、行为倾向等方面均能有效减少污名。接触干预的效果受到干预实施过程和干预对象特点两方面影响。从干预实施过程来看,有效接触干预包含精神障碍患者、信息和互动三个关键成分,这些成分需要具备一定特点才能产生效果;同时,多形式接触、连续接触、接触质量等成分的存在能够进一步扩大接触干预效果。从干预对象来看,接触干预效果会随着干预对象的个体差异而有所不同。未来的研究需要进一步完善接触干预的研究设计,丰富接触干预的理论机理研究,推动接触干预的循证实践发展。同时,应用接触干预减少特定群体公众污名,以及干预特定精神障碍类型公众污名是进一步研究方向,并在我国文化背景下进一步检验接触干预效果。

Contact intervention is an important way to reduce the public stigma of mental disorders.Various forms of contact have been widely used in intervention studies of this approach,and have proven to be effective in reducing stigma in terms of attitude,emotion,behavior intention and so on.The effect of contact intervention depends on how the intervention is carried out and individual differences of the intervention object.Regarding implementation,effective contact intervention involves three key ingredients: people with mental disorders,information and interaction,which may be affected by certain characteristics.During study,the presence of multi-form contact,continuous contact,contact quality and other ingredients can further magnify the effect of the intervention.As for the intervention object,the effect varies according to individual differences.In the future,the study design for contact intervention should be further improved,to enrich the study of the theoretical mechanism of contact intervention,and promote development of evidence-based practices of contact intervention.In addition,further study will focus on application of contact intervention in reducing public stigma of specific groups and specific types of mental disorders,as well as verification of the effect of contact intervention in the culture of China.