物质主义者自我概念的特点和相关理论

The features and theories of materialists' self-concept

物质主义的经典研究分别从人格、价值观、目标和需要的角度界定和理解物质主义的相关现象。自我概念一直是贯穿物质主义研究的线索,但直到最近研究者才试图以它为理论基点统摄与整合已有研究。相关研究表明,物质主义者对自我的评价较低,表现为低自尊、权变性自尊;对自我的认识具有不一致性,表现为自我概念不清晰、外显-内隐自尊分离、以及自我差距(理想自我与现实自我的差距)。最近出现的两个综合理论——物质主义的自我逃离理论与物质主义的认同目标追求理论提出,物质主义是个体将物质拥有作为逃避自我的方式或满足自我认同动机的手段。这两个理论弥补了现有物质主义研究缺乏整合性理论的不足。未来研究可以通过借鉴有关自我概念的理论,超越单纯的物质主义者自我匮乏的思路,从而做出更大的理论贡献。

Classical studies define and understand the phenomenon of materialism from the perspective of a person’s traits,values,goals,and needs.Although self-concept has always been a clue through materialism research,researchers have recently attempted to synthesize the existing research on self-concept.Relevant studies have shown that materialists’ self-evaluation is low and their self-knowledge is inconsistent.Low self-evaluation is characterized by low self-esteem,contingent self-esteem.The inconsistent self-knowledge is manifested by an unclear self-concept,a discrepancy in explicit and implicit self-esteem,and self-disparity (a discrepancy between notions of an ideal and real self).Two recent comprehensive theories-the theory of materialistic escape from the self and identity goal pursuits theory of materialism-suggest that materialism is one’s use of material possession as a means of escaping from one’s self-awareness or as a means of constructing and pursuing self-identity.By well interpreting the existing research findings,these two theories make up for the lack of integration theories of materialism research.Future research should transcend the materialists’ self-deficiency approach and make greater theoretical contributions by borrowing the theories of self-concept.