易地扶贫搬迁移民社区的治理关系与优化

Management relationship and optimization of the poverty-alleviation management of the immigrant resettlement community

以易地扶贫搬迁指挥部统领下的县乡村相应组织和社区综治中心为核心的行政主体、以移民群体为核心的社会主体,构成了当前移民社区治理的基本关系结构。移民社区治理的实践形态,主要表现为两者围绕就业培训与安置、旧房拆除等标志性事件而展开的利益博弈过程。这种博弈关系既使移民社区治理面临权责不明、相互推诿的双重管辖问题,也使移民社区治理陷入只重社区外部环境建设而忽视移民群体内生性发展能力的培育,只突出政绩考核而规避移民群体的现实需要的内卷化困境中。要克服当前移民社区治理的困境,地方政府既要改变扶贫资源的投入路径,将重点转向移民群体内生性发展能力的培育上,也要放弃以政绩考核为中心的目标导向,坚持以移民群体利益为中心的治理理念。

The basic relationship structure of the management of the current immigrant community finds expression in two aspects, one being the administrative body composed of the corresponding organizations at the county, township and village levels and the community-based comprehensive management center under the guidance of the resettlement office of poverty alleviation projects, and the other being the social group composed mainly of immigrants. The practical management of the immigrant community is mainly manifested in the interest game concerning employment training, resettlement, demolition of old houses and other landmark events. This kind of relationship not only makes the management of the immigrant community face the jurisdiction problem of unclear power and responsibility and mutual prevarication, but also makes the immigrant community management fall into an involutional dilemma, in which the construction of the external environment of the community and the performance evaluation are emphasized while the cultivation of the endogenous development ability of the immigrant group and the actual needs of immigrants are neglected. To improve the management of the immigrant community, the local governments should change the way of investing poverty-alleviation resources, focus on the cultivation of the endogenous development capacity of immigrant groups and their interests, and abandon the goal oriented towards performance evaluation.