分歧与共识:《残疾人权利公约》禁止非自愿收治?

Controversy and Consensus: Does the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Prohibit Mental Health Detention and Involuntary Treatment?

各国精神卫生法的主要功能是对非自愿住院与治疗进行规制,而《联合国残疾人权利公约》要求完全废除非自愿收治制度。本文梳理了国际人权法如何处理精神障碍者权利,并分析了《残疾人权利公约》对非自愿收治问题的具体要求。本文也讨论了对全面禁止非自愿收治立场的批判,以及众多学者对此争议进行调和的努力,并指出发展非强制性精神卫生服务、减少非自愿收治的使用是激烈分歧中的共识,并以此增进对相关国际讨论的理解,为我国《精神卫生法》的研究与实践提供参考。

The common function of global mental health laws is to authorize and regulate psychiatric detention and involuntary treatment.The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities poses a fundamental challenge to this system and requires an overall abolition.This article addresses how international human rights law protects the rights of persons with psychosocial disabilities(or persons with mental health issues),in particular the provisions provided by the CRPD.The focus of this article is to review the debate around the desirability and practicability of the CRPD requirement of abolition,pointing out the important consensus in this debate: to develop non-coercive mental health services and reduce the use of involuntary arrangements.This article aims to improve the understanding of relevant international dialogue and provide reference to the future research and practice of China’s Mental Health Law.