晚清民国时期隐私权与新闻自由的冲突与调适——从新闻法制的视角考察

The Conflict and Adaptation of Privacy and Press Freedom in Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China:An Examination from the Perspective of News Legal System

隐私权是一项基本人格权,新闻自由是言论出版自由等宪法权利的延伸,两者存在天然冲突。晚清民国时期开始讨论隐私权与新闻自由冲突的问题,囿于法文化差异,政府长期将隐私权限缩在特权阶层专属的"阴私"范围,无视普通民众权益;在法制层面政府以阴私或名誉保护为借口实行新闻专制,并没有形成具有确定性的隐私保护法规;在实践层面新闻业滥用新闻自由忽视新闻法规,肆意践踏公众隐私权。新中国成立以来,新闻法制取得长足进展,未来我国法律对隐私权无论采用直接保护还是间接保护,都必须考虑新闻法规处置隐私权与新闻自由冲突的制度惯性。

The privacy right is a basic right of personality,while the freedom of the press is a derivative right from the freedom of speech,so there’s a natural conflict between them.From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China this issue appeared in the field of the press legal system in China and the government has narrowed the privacy rights in an exclusive private domain only serving to the privileges and ignoring the interests of ordinary people for a long time.At the legislative level,the government implemented news autocracy under the pretext of privacy or reputation protection and a definite privacy protection law was not established;at the practical level,the journalism abused freedom of the press,ignored news laws and trampled public privacy.In the future,we must consider the institutional inertia when dealing with the conflict between privacy and the freedom of the press regardless of whether direct or indirect protection are adopted.