新疆褐牛不同杂交组合生产性能分析

Analysis on Production Performance of Xinjiang Brown Cattle in Different Hybrid Combinations

为了研究夏季放牧冬季舍饲饲养环境下美国瑞士褐牛、德国瑞士褐牛、加拿大瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交F1代(MXHF1、DXHF1、JXHF1)母牛综合生产性能,选取3种F1代母牛各18头,分别测定0、6、12、18、24月龄体尺、体重,计算体尺指数,并测定18月龄肉质性状。结果显示:6月龄DXHF1体斜长显著高于JXHF1(P<0.05),12月龄DXHF1体高极显著高于MXHF1和JXHF1(P<0.01),12月龄JXHF1胸围显著高于DXHF1(P<0.05),18月龄、24月龄MXHF1和DXHF1体高显著高于JXHF1(P<0.05),24月龄MXHF1、DXHF1体斜长极显著高于JXHF1(P<0.01);DXHF1初生重显著高于MXHF1和JXHF1(P<0.05),18月龄JXHF1体重显著高于MXHF1、DXHF1(P<0.05),12～18月龄段JXHF1日增重显著高于MXHF1、DXHF1(P<0.05);JXHF1各月龄的体长指数、胸围指数均高于MXHF1和DXHF1;18月龄JXHF1眼肌高度、眼肌面积显著高于MXHF1和DXHF1(P<0.05)。从体型外貌上看,JXHF1更偏向肉用类型,MXHF1和DXHF1更偏向于乳肉兼用类型,今后可利用美国瑞士褐牛、德国瑞士褐牛选育新疆褐牛乳用类型,利用加拿大瑞士褐牛选育新疆褐牛肉用类型,同时可利用加拿大瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛进行杂交育肥,以期获得更高的养殖效益。

The purpose of the experiment is to study the integrated production performance of F1 (MXHF1, DXHF1, JXHF1) cows crossbred by Swiss brown cattle from America, Germany and Canada with Xinjiang Brown cattle under summer grazing and winter house feeding environment. 18 F1 cows hybrid by three crossbreeding methods were used to determine the body weight at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age, and the body size index was calculated;the meat quality of the F1 cows in 18 months of age was determined by ultrasonic living assay. The results showed that the body oblique length of DXHF1 at 6-month old was significantly higher than that of JXHF1 ( P <0.05), and its body height at 12 months was significantly higher than that of MXHF1 and JXHF1 ( P <0.01), the bust circumference of JXHF1 at 12 months was significantly higher than DXHF1 ( P <0.05), the body height of MXHF1 and DXHF1 at 18 months and 24 months were significantly higher than JXHF1 ( P <0.05), body oblique length of MXHF1, DXHF1 at 24 months was significantly higher than JXHF1 generation ( P <0.01). The birth weight of DXHF1 was significantly higher than that of MXHF1 and JXHF1 ( P <0.05), and the body weight of JXHF1 at 18 months was significantly higher than that of MXHF1, DXHF1 ( P <0.05), and the daily weight gain of JXHF1 was significantly higher than that of MXHF1 and DXHF1 ( P <0.05) in 12-18 months. With the increase of the month age, the bust circumference index showed an upward trend, and the body length index and bust circumference index of JXHF1 were higher than that of MXHF1 and DXHF1 in each month. For the F1 hybrid by three methods, the eye muscle height and the area of eye muscle of JXHF1 in 18 months were significantly higher than that of MXHF1 and DXHF1 ( P <0.05). That means three kinds of hybridization can better improve the production performance of Xinjiang Brown cattle. As for the physical appearance, the meat production performance of JXHF1 is more significant than that of MXHF1 and DXHF1. In the future, American Swiss Brown cattle and Germany Swiss Brown cattle could be used to select and breed Xinjiang Brown cattle milk variety, while Canadian Swiss Brown cattle for beef variety. In addition, ultrasonic living technology could be applied to fasten the breeding process. In the meantime, the Canadian Swiss Brown cattle can be used to fatten Xinjiang Brown cattle, which can achieve higher breeding efficiency.