智力低下儿童的病因特征分析及护理措施

Etiological Characteristics and Nursing Measures of Children With Mental Retardation

目的分析智力低下儿童的病因特征并设计出合理护理方案。方法收集2017年1月—2018年7月我院诊治智力低下儿童120名,通过问卷调查方式及遗传学等方法对其病因特征进行分析,并设计针对性的高效护理模式。结果经过本研究发现,儿童智力低下的智力情况主要为轻度智力低下;在地域分配上,发现农村儿童的发病率明显高于城市儿童的发病率。主要病因可以划分为出生前病因:孕期和遗传因素;出生时因素:早产、窒息颅内出血、产伤;出生后病因:新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、脑瘫;以及病因不明。结论智力低下儿童受多种因素影响,应在孕前、孕中以及孕后均强化相关知识的宣传,同时实施合理的护理干预,最大程度降低智力低下儿童的发生率。

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of children with mental retardation and design a reasonable nursing plan.Methods 120 children with mental retardation were collected from January 2017 to July 2018 in our hospital.Their etiological characteristics were analyzed through questionnaire survey and genetics methods,and targeted and efficient nursing mode was designed.Results According to this study,children's mental retardation was mainly mild mental retardation.In terms of geographical distribution,it was found that the incidence rate of rural children was significantly higher than that of urban children.The main causes could be divided into pre-birth causes: pregnancy and genetic factors;birth factors: premature delivery,asphyxial intracranial hemorrhage,birth injury;postnatal causes: neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,cerebral palsy;and the cause was unknown.Conclusion Mental retardation children are affected by many factors.Relevant knowledge propaganda should be strengthened before,during and after pregnancy,and reasonable nursing intervention should be implemented to reduce the incidence of mental retardation children to the greatest extent.