泉州市环境空气质量现状、影响因素及综合防治对策

Air quality, influence factors and control countermeasure in Quanzhou, southeastern coast of China

随着我国各方面综合实力的不断提高,生产、建筑等方面对自然环境造成的污染是极大的,人们生活水平提高的同时也越来越关注城市内大气污染问题。如何治理大气污染,保持人与自然的和谐发展,已经成为当前人们共同面临的一个难题。泉州市地处福建省东南沿海,是我国"一带一路"战略海上丝绸之路的先行区。在经济高速发展的同时,工业企业、机动车数量快速增加,大气污染过程偶有发生,作为国家环保模范城市,其大气环境问题得到越来越多的关注,因此提出有效的综合防治对策势在必行。本文结合泉州市自然(气象、地形)与社会经济(产业布局)等因素,分析了泉州市不同季节大气颗粒物污染成因,并提出有针对性的大气颗粒物污染综合防治对策与管理措施。

Background, aim, and scope With the continuous improvement of comprehensive strength in all fields in our country, the pollution caused to the natural environment in production and construction is extremely great. As people’s living standards improve, we also pay more and more attention to the problem of air pollution in cities. How to control air pollution and how to maintain the harmonious development between man and nature has become a common problem facing people today. Located in the southeastern coast of China, the air quality of Quanzhou is fairly good according to national standards (GB 3095 - 2012). However, with the rapid development of social economy, the rapidly increasing quantity of industrial enterprises and motor vehicles, the air pollution episodes occur occasionally, which posed a risk not only to human health but also economic development in Quanzhou. Thus, effective control measures have become urgent needs. Materials and methods Based on the environmental air monitoring data of Quanzhou and synchronous meteorological data from 2016, by the analysis of the natural (e.g. meteorology and topography) with backward trajectory model and social economic factors (e.g. industrial distribution) in Quanzhou, the study explored the causes of air pollution in different seasons. Results It can be showed that the main factors affecting the air quality in Quanzhou were the emission of atmospheric pollutants and the influence of meteorological and topographic factors. Finally, the targeted control countermeasures were brought forwards at different seasons. Discussion By analysis of the characteristics of air pollutant emission, it was found that the main source of air pollutants in Quanzhou is industrial sources. From a spatial perspective, most of the enterprises that discharge particulate matter in Quanzhou are located in the southwest and south directions of the urban area. By the analysis of the meteorological and topographic factors, it was found that in spring and autumn, especially in March and November, Quanzhou happened to be in the transition period of the main control air mass, and the diffusion conditions were relatively poor, which resulted in the accumulation of particles and the pollution of the weather. Besides, it can be found Quanzhou is divided into old and new urban areas. The old urban area is mainly distributed in the E type mountain range, so the diffusion conditions are relatively poor, and the pollutants are easy to accumulate. The new urban area is located on the more open periphery and the diffusion conditions are relatively better than the old area. Conclusions In general, the air quality of Quanzhou is fairly good. Affected by meteorological conditions, terrain factors and industrial layout factors, pollution is likely to occur in March, July and November. Based on the analysis of the influence of the main control air mass, meteorology and topography, and industrial layout on the air quality in different seasons, suggests that the different industries should be managed differently in different seasons. In winter, priority control of petrochemical emissions in the northeast of China. In summer, the main control of the pottery and stone industry in south-west and south of Quanzhou. In the spring and autumn, it is necessary to prejudge in advance according to the characteristics of the meteorological conditions. In the absence of administrative intervention for remote source transportation of pollutants outside the region, local pollutant discharge should be controlled. Recommendations and perspectives This article mainly analyzes the current situation of Quanzhou air pollution, and puts forward the corresponding solutions to the problem, hoping to link the current serious air pollution problems.