中国社会救助创新:动因、特征与绩效——基于“社会救助领域优秀创新实践案例”的文本分析

The Motivation,Characteristics and Performance of Social Assistance Innovation in China——A Multiple Case Text Analysis of the Excellent Innovation Projects in China Social Assistance Field

社会救助创新是破解救助难题和推进社会救助改革的有效机制。我国社会救助创新领域逐渐扩大,探索实践不断涌现,但当前研究难以支撑社会救助的深化改革。文章整理了2016-2018年度民政部组织评选的25项“社会救助领域优秀创新实践案例”,采用多案例分析法对其参与主体、地域分布、实践动因、创新内容和绩效等进行解析。研究发现东部地区的社会救助创新多于中西部地区;区县级民政部门的创新成果最多;外部环境压力与内部改革诉求是我国社会救助创新的主要动因;创新内容主要包括优化社会救助制度、提升社会救助能力、拓展救助服务内涵和再造社会救助流程;社会救助创新不仅保障了更多困难群众的基本权益,还达成了多方利息相关者“共赢”的局面。

Social assistance innovation is an effective mechanism to solve the problem of rescue and promote social assistance reform. The innovative field of social assistance in China is gradually expanding and exploration practice is constantly emerging. However,it is difficult for the current research to support the deepening reform of social assistance. This paper sorts out 25 "Excellent Innovation Projects in China Social Assistance Field" organized by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2016-2018,and interprets and analyzes them using multi-case text analysis. The study finds that the number of social assistance innovation in the eastern region is more than that in the central and western regions;the district and county civil affair departments have the most innovations;the external environmental pressure and internal reform appeal are the main motivations for social assistance innovation in China;the innovation content mainly includes optimizing the social assistance system,upgrading social assistance capacity,expanding the connotation of rescue services and re-creating the social assistance process;social assistance innovation not only guarantees the basic rights and interests of more poverty-stricken people,but also achieves a "win-win" situation for multi-stakeholder.