黑龙江典型黑土区土壤侵蚀遥感监测技术研究

STUDY ON THE EROSION IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL AREAS OF HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE BY REMOTE SENSING MONITORING TECHNOLOGY

以遥感和GIS技术为支撑,利用修正后的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE为评价模型,对黑龙江省绥化市2003、2015年的土壤侵蚀量进行了计算,并结合水土流失强度分级标准,生成了黑龙江省绥化市水土流失强度分布图.在此基础上,对黑龙江省绥化市2003、2015年的水土流失现状、空间分布及2003～2015年水土流失的变化及原因进行了分析.结果表明:从2003～2015年间,水土保持措施增加,土壤侵蚀状况有向好的趋势.从统计结果看出,强度、极强度侵蚀面积比例减少,相对的轻度和微度的侵蚀面积增加. 2015年,强度侵蚀等级水土流失面积相比2003年减少522.75 km^2,轻度侵蚀增长近1000 km^2.

Supported by remote sensing and GIS technology, the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) is used as the evaluation model to calculate the soil erosion volume in 2003 and 2015 in Suihua City of Heilongjiang Province. The distribution map of water-soil loss intensity is generated in combination with the grading standard. On this basis, the paper analyzes the current situation, spatial distribution and changes with reasons of water-soil loss during 2003-2015. The results show that with the increase of soil-water conservation measures, the soil erosion condition tends to be relieved. According to the statistical results, the proportions of strong and extremely strong erosion areas decrease, while those of the slight and light erosions increase. In 2015, the strong erosion-graded water-soil loss area reduced by 522.75 km^2 compared with that in 2003, and light erosion-graded ones increased by nearly 1000 km^2.