监护人责任的解释论与立法论反思

Reflections on Liability of Guardians: Interpretation Theory and Legislation Theory Perspectives

《侵权责任法》第32条规定了监护人责任,理论上纷争不断,实务上做法不一。在解释论上,应当认为在被监护人侵权的情况下,监护人为唯一的责任主体。第32条第2款规定的是监护人与被监护人的内部责任分担,不具备外部性。立法论上,未来民法典编纂在坚持监护人为唯一责任主体的情形下,考虑到受害人利益的全面维护,应令被监护人负担依公平责任而生之补偿义务。

Article 32 of the Tort Law provides the liability of guardians, which is distinctive. It is argued a lot in theory and differed in practice. In the interpretation theory, guardian is the sole liability subject in the case of infringement by the ward. The second paragraph of Article 32 stimulates the share of internal liability between the ward and guardian without externality. In terms of legislation theory, in condition of insisting that the guardian is the sole subject of tort liability, considering the victim’s interest shall be maintained comprehensively, the ward shall bear the compensation obligation that is based on the principle of equitable liability.