桂林西山“菩提树像”考

An Examination of the “Bodhi Statues” on Xishan Hill in Guilin

桂林西山上有2铺造像,主尊结跏趺坐,身着萨尔纳特风格的袒右式袈裟,右臂戴臂钏,右手施触地印,左手施禅定印。通过文献与现存唐代该类造像的梳理与分析,推测桂林这2铺造像极有可能与王玄策及其带回的印度"菩提树像"的摹本有关,其造型也与印度的原型最为接近。造像粉本的传播路线应当是自王玄策出使所走的"吐蕃尼婆罗道"传至国内,经中原两京地区而到达桂林,而不是以前学者们认为的"南海道"。

On Xishan Hill of Guilin City,there are two sets of Buddhist statues,the main figures of which are both seated in full-lotus position,wearing Sarnath-style ka aya covering only left shoulder and armlet on the right arm,making a dhyana(meditation)mudra with the left hand and a bhumispar a(let the earth witness)mudra with the right hand.Through trimming and analyses of the historical writings and extant Buddhist statues of the same type of the Tang Dynasty,this paper suggests that these two sets of statues are very probably related to Wang Xuance,an envoy of the Tang Dynasty to India,and the replica of the“Bodhi statues”of India brought back by him,and their forms are also the most similar to the original in India.The diffusion route of the form of this kind of Buddha image would be the“Tibet-Licchavi Route”taken by Wang Xuance from India to China,and then from the Central Plains to Guilin,rather than the“South China Sea Route”which has been believed by some scholars.