改革开放以来我国研究机构“走出去”的探索与实践

Exploration and Practice of Internationalization of Research Institutions Since the Reform and Opening-up

系统回顾了改革开放40年来中国研究机构"走出去"的演变历程、特征、动因、进入模式、组织结构及成效等内容。研究发现,中国研究机构"走出去"经历了"萌芽→起步→调整→加快"4个发展阶段,呈现出投资规模增长迅速、投资主体多元、领域日益拓展、形式丰富多样、转向"一带一路"沿线国家等主要特征。拓展国际市场,追踪、获取技术前沿,培育国内研发人才,规避母国和东道国的政治、经济、文化、科技差异风险是中国研究机构"走出去"的主要动因。跨国公司结合自身实力,普遍采取并购、绿地投资、共建研发联盟等模式进入东道国,且呈现出综合研发网络等多元化组织结构类型。最后,结合当前中国研究机构"走出去"面临的困境,从模式转型、组织战略变革、新兴经济体间合作、政策整合与集成方面提出研究展望。

This paper systematically reviews the evolution, characteristics, motivations, entry patterns, organizational structure, and effectiveness of the internationalization of Chinese research institutions in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up.The research results show that internationalization of research institutions has undergone four phases: sprout period, starting period, adjustment period, accelerating period.And it shows a rapid growth of investment scale, diversification of investment entities, rich and varied forms, and transition to major countries along the “One Belt and One Road”.Expanding the international market, tracking and acquiring technological frontiers, nurturing domestic R&D talents, and evading the risks of political, economic, cultural, and scientific differences between home and host countries are the main motivations for Chinese research institutions to “go global”.Multinational corporations have entered the host country with modes such as M&A, greenfield investment, and joint R&D alliances in their own strengths, and have presented a variety of organizational structures such as integrated R&D networks.Finally, In view of the difficulties faced by Chinese research institutions, this paper puts forward a research prospect from the aspects of model transformation, organizational strategy reform, cooperation among emerging economies and policy integration.