明成化禁僭奢条例变化研究

A Study on the Change of the Regulations on Prohibited Arrogation and Luxury in the Emperor Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty

明初为了稳定社会秩序,王朝律令对僭奢特别关注,设专条予以禁止。随着社会经济的发展,律令已难以遏制僭奢的兴起,遂出现了以例补律以惩罚僭奢的方式。成化以来,商品经济发展,官民僭奢升级,例成为官府处置僭奢的主要手段,禁僭奢条例出台也最多。北京和江南是僭奢的中心地,禁僭奢例的侧重点各异,北京更重视消费管制,江南则强调织造专营权。国家与地方社会运用条例处罚僭奢也有不同,皇帝和厂卫更关注僭,地方官则重于奢,也因为如此,条例的效果大打折扣。

To stabilize the social order in the early Ming dynasty,dynastic laws paid particular attention to the arrogation and luxury,and the special provisions were made to prohibit it.With the development of social economy,the statutes have failed to curb the rise of arrogation and luxury.Therefore,the regulations were made to assist the statutes in punishing arrogation and luxury.Since the Emperor Chenghua(1465-1487),with the development of commodity economy,arrogation and luxury consumption of officials and civilians upgraded.Regulations became the main means for the government to deal with arrogation and luxury.The number of regulations against arrogation and luxury also reached its highest.Beijing and the south regions of Yangtze River(Jiangnan)were both the centers of the arrogation and luxury consumption,but the focuses of the prohibition were different.The government paid more attention to the control of consumption in Beijing,but emphasized the weaving franchise in Jiangnan.The country and local society also used different cases to punish arrogation and luxury.Emperors and Eunuchs were more concerned about arrogation,whereas local officials focused on luxury consumption.As a result,the effect of the regulations was greatly decreased.