劳动力要素禀赋、规模经营与农户机械技术选择——来自水稻机插秧技术的实证解释

Empirical Study of Labor Factor Endowment,Scale Management and Farmers' Technological Selection with an Example of Rice Seedling Mechanized Transplanting Technology

利用2016年江西省、江苏省的农村入户调查数据,从劳动力要素禀赋和规模经营演进的视角,以水稻机插秧技术为例,分析了农户机械技术选择的作用机制和影响程度。研究结果表明:在经营规模偏小的情况下,机插秧是非理想的农户技术选择,资本节约型播种技术强化了非机械化技术的选择路径。农户水稻经营规模的增加显著促进农户机插秧技术的选择,水稻种植规模每增加1亩,农户机插秧技术的选择概率会平均增加0.13%。农业生产劳动力数和劳动雇工均价对农户机插秧技术选择具有显著的负向影响,在其他条件不变的情况下,家庭农业生产劳动力数和劳动雇工均价每增加1个单位,机插秧技术的选择概率分别平均降低32.87%和4.53%。因此,未来地方政府推进水稻全程机械化的进程中,相关政策重心应在加大技术服务供给和规范流转契约这两方面。

This paper has analyzed the mechanism and influence of farmers'technology selection from the perspective of labor scarcity and the evolution of scale management,taking an example of rice seedling mechanized transplanting technology,and using the survey data of rural households about Jiangxi and Jiangsu Province in 2016.The results showed that the seedling mechanized transplanting was imperfect farmers'technology selection under the condition of the small scale,and capital saving seeding transplanting technology has strengthened the choice path of non mechanized technology.With the increase of farmers'rice management scale,the selection of farmers'seedling mechanized transplanting technology will be greatly promoted,and with each increase of 1 unit of rice planting scale,the probability of the selection of farmers'seedling mechanized transplanting technology will increase by 0.12%on average.The number of agricultural labor force and employment price has a significant negative impact on the technology selection of farmers'mechanized transplanting technology,and under the condition of other explanatory variables,the number of agricultural labor force and employment price increases by 1 units,and the probability of selecting the seedling technique is reduced by 35.85%and 5.2%respectively.Therefore,in order to promote the whole mechanization of rice,the two relevant aspects should focus on increasing the supply of technical services and regulating the circulation of contracts in the future.