控释氮肥和控释钾肥对棉花产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on cotton yield, fiber quality and soil fertility

为探究控释氮肥和控释钾肥在棉花上的应用效果,于2014年和2015年在山东省金乡县进行了连续两年的田间定位试验,以当地习惯施肥为对照(CK),研究普通尿素60%基施(CRNK)对棉花产量、品质和0～100 cm土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,硫加树脂包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素、树脂包膜氯化钾田间养分释放期分别为65、86、82 d,一次性基施可供应棉花整个生育期养分需求。与CK相比,CRN和CRNK处理提高了棉花单铃质量和成铃数,分别显著提高皮棉产量15.0%～20.1%CRNK处理显著提高了皮棉产量,分别增产9.3%～13.7%产量无显著差异,但CRNK较CRN处理增产2.5%～7.2%。与CK处理相比,CRNK处理棉花收获期0～20 cm土壤硝态氮和速效钾含量显著提高了38.5%壤硝态氮及速效钾含量,显著提高棉花单铃质量和成铃数,从而提高皮棉产量,节时省工增效,经济效益显著。

To determine the influence of controlled release fertilizers on the yield components of cotton and soil properties, a two-year field experiment was conducted with four treatments:Conventional fertilization, which was urea applied as basal fertilizer(CK);Twice-split ap-plications of urea fertilizer(CU);Controlled release urea as base fertilizer application(CRN);Controlled release urea and controlled re-lease potassium chloride as base fertilizer application(CRNK). The release period of polymer coating of sulfur-coated urea, polymer coated urea, and polymer coated fertilizers potassium chloride in the field was 65, 86, and 82 days, respectively, and the one-time base application could supply the nutrient demand of cotton throughout the growth period. Compared with CK, CRN and CRNK treatments increased cotton single boll weight and boll number, respectively, significantly increased yield by 15.0%~20.1% and 22.1%~23.3%, and improved econom-ic benefits by 44.9%~59.4%;Compared with CU treatment, CRN and CRNK treatments significantly increased the lint yield by 9.3%~ 13.7% and 12.1%~21.9%, respectively, and improved economic benefits by 36.3%~49.9%. However, there was no significant difference on the yields of lint cotton between CRNK and CRN, but the lint yield of CRNK increased by 2.5%~7.2% compared with that of CRN. Com-pared with CK treatment, CRNK treatment significantly increased the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium 38.5% and 8.9% in soil of 0~20 cm at harvest time, and the elongation rate was significantly increased by 10.0%~11.6%. Compared with conventional fertil-ization, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and controlled release potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the boll weight and bollforming number of cottons by increasing the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in soil, improve cotton fiber quality and soil potassium supply intensity during harvest, save time and labor, and increase economic benefits.