不同植物种植对矿区复垦土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effects of different plant cultivations on the microbiological diversity of recultivated soil in mining area

利用16S rDNA及Biolog-ECO技术研究不同植物种植下矿区复垦土壤中微生物种属及代谢功能多样性特征,旨在为矿区复垦土壤质量提升与定向培育提供理论基础。结果表明:矿区复垦土壤中微生物多样性在属水平上丰度值较高的为假节杆菌属、芽球菌属、气微菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、类诺卡式属;种植大豆与玉米后,复垦土壤微生物属水平上丰度差异不大,而种植毛苕子、苜蓿与自然恢复下土壤微生物属水平上丰度差异较大;复垦土壤微生物代谢功能主要集中于氨基酸代谢与碳水化合物代谢,土壤中香农-维纳指数差异较大,顺序为毛苕子>苜蓿>玉米>大豆>自然恢复;影响矿区复垦土壤代谢功能的碳源主要有糖类中的D-木糖、β-甲基D-葡萄糖苷、葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐、D-纤维二糖,氨基酸类中的L-丝氨酸、L-精氨酸,酯类中的丙酮酸甲酯、D-半乳糖酸γ内酯,醇类中的D-甘露醇,胺类中的N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺,酸类中的4-羟基苯甲酸、D-半乳糖醛酸。种植毛苕子有利于矿区复垦土壤微生物的碳代谢功能增强,而自然恢复下土壤碳代谢功能较差。总体来看,矿区复垦土壤中种植豆科作物毛苕子可以增加矿区复垦土壤微生物的物种多样性,提高微生物活性,增强微生物代谢功能多样性,使土壤向健康方向发展。

This study aimed to use 16S rDNA and Biolog-ECO technologies to explore the levels of microbial genera and species and char-acteristics of metabolic functions under different plantations in the mining area in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil quality im-provement and targeted cultivation. The results showed that the genera Pseudarthrobacter, Blastococcus, Aeromicrobium, Sphinggomonas, and Nocardioides had higher abundances in reclaimed soil in the mining area. There was little difference in genus levels between soybean and corn, but there was great difference among hairy-vetch, alfalfa, and natural restoration. The microbial metabolic function was mainly concentrated on amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. The difference was quite great in the Shannon–Wiener index of soil microbial diversity, and was in the order of hairy-vetch>alfalfa>maize>soybean>natural restoration. The main carbon sources that affected the metabolic function in the mining area were D-xylose,β-methyl D-glucoside, glucose-1-phosphate, and D-fiber diose in sugars;L-ser-ine and L-arginine in amino acids;Methyl pyruvate and D-galactone in esters;D-mannitol in alcohols;N-acetyl-D-grapevine in amines;and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and D-galacturonic acid in acids. Planting hairy-vetch enhanced the carbon metabolism function of soil micro-organisms in the mining area, while natural restoration performed poorly in this regard. In conclusion, planting hairy-vetch in reclaimed soil could increase the microbial species diversity, microbial activity, microbial metabolic function diversity, and overall soil quality.