大同市区及近郊夏季繁殖鸟类多样性研究

Study on the Diversity of Summer Breeding Birds in Datong and Its Suburbs

2018年5-6月,在大同市及近郊布设了样线10条,共记录繁殖鸟83种,分属16目35科,占全省繁殖鸟类的45.6%。按照中国动物区系划分,大同市夏季的繁殖鸟类包括古北界种类47种,广布种33种,东洋界种类3种,呈现出以北方种类为主,其他多种区系成分相互渗透的特征,G-F指数为0.749。区域内典型生境包括湿地、树林、灌丛、草甸、农田、公园和居民区7种类型,湿地以43种鸟成为鸟种最多的生境,居民区鸟种最少,仅15种。不同生境的鸟类种类、多样性、均匀度和优势度差异较大。农田的多样性指数和均匀度指数最低,优势度指数最高;草甸的多样性指数和均匀度指数都较高,但优势度指数最低。通过7种生境的相似性系数发现,农田和居民区具有最高的相似系数,湿地和居民区相似系数最低。每种生境都有其自身的特点,保持多样的生境是维持本地区鸟类多样性的重要保证。

A survey on the summer breeding birds was carried out from May to June 2018 in Datong and its suburbs.During the investigation,83 bird species which belong to 16 orders,35 families were recorded in total,which are 45.6%breeders of whole province.According to the animal geographical region in China,47 species belong to the Palaearctic Realm,3 species belong to the Oriental Realm and 33 species belong to widespread.It obviously shows the fauna feature,which the northern birds is dominating species while other avifauna elements permeate each other.The G-F index was 0.749 in survey area.The typical habitats were divided into 7 types,including wetland,forest,bush,meadow,farm,park and community.The wetland with 43 avian species is the maximum value in all habitats;the community with 15 avian species is the minimum value in all habitats.The number of bird species,Diversity index(H’),Evenness index(J’)and Dominance index(C)were varied extremely in different habitats.The values of H’and J’are the lowest in farm habitat,but the values of C is the highest.The values of H’and J’are higher in meadow habitat,but the values of C is the lowest.According to the Sorensen index of 7 typical habitats,the highest value of similarity is between farm and community,the lowest value of similarity is between wetland and community.The quantitative data indicates that the bird composition and community parameters in 7 habitats are different.Maintenance of diverse habitats can ensure the bird diversity at this regional scale.