“不同时代的交叉”——阿尔都塞对马克思主义的时间性概念的独特理解

“Interweaving of the Different Times”:Althusser’s Distinctive View on Marx’s Concept of Temporality

阿尔都塞作为结构主义马克思主义的开拓者早已为学界熟知,但在其最经典著作中,一些重要概念仍待梳理,"不同时代的交叉"就是一例。本文主要依托《读〈资本论〉》与《保卫马克思》,挖掘阿尔都塞重要但未受到应有重视的时间性概念,阐发结构主义马克思主义的时代理论,拨正关于阿尔都塞的理论倚重共时性分析而轻视时间性问题的片面观点。本文初步考察"不同时代的交叉"概念脱胎于《资本论》的文段,尝试评价该概念在马克思主义理论内的独特价值,并简要交代它在理论界的影响和争议。这将帮助我们更好地理解结构主义马克思主义思想,乃至马克思本人的社会历史理论。

Althusser has long been well known as a pioneer of structural Marxism.However, even in his most classical writings, there are still many significant concepts remain to be elucidated, such as the concept of “interweaving of the different times”.This article is mainly based on Althusser s Reading Capital and For Marx .It rediscovers Althusser s essential but rashly neglected terminology of temporality, illuminates the structural Marxism theory on times, and therefore overturns the following well-accepted but indeed problematic thesis, that is, Althusser s theory attaches much importance to the synchronic analysis but overlooks temporality.This article makes an initial investigation of the text in Marx s Capital from which the concept of “interweaving of the different times”derives, attempting to evaluate its uniqueness within Marx s theory, while briefly explaining the academic influences and controversies of this concept.It may help us better understand structuralist Marxist thoughts and even Marx s theory of social history.