20世纪“市民社会”概念的三次重要转变:葛兰西、柯亨和阿拉托、哈贝马斯

Three Important Transformations in the Concept of Civil Society in the 20^(th) Century: Gramsci, Cohen and Arato, Habermas

20世纪的市民社会概念发生了三次重要的转变,渐次增加了文化和象征维度、网络和运动维度、交往和商谈维度,这分别主要归功于葛兰西、柯亨和阿拉托、哈贝马斯的理论贡献。概念上的这些转变以及理论上的后马克思主义转向,不仅对于市民社会研究,而且对于当今西方社会的民主政治实践也产生了一定的影响。

In the 20 th century, the concept of civil society has undergone three important transformations, which gradually increased or emphasized the dimensions of culture and symbolism, network and movement, communication and discourse.Such transformations are mainly attributed by four philosophers: Antonio Gramsci, Jean Cohen and Andrew Arato, and Jürgen Habermas.The impacts of these conceptual transformations and the corresponding theoretical post-Marxist turn are not only on the study of civil society, but also on the practice of democratic politics in modern western society.