徽州传统民居门罩的装饰呈现与审美内涵

On the Decorative Presentation and the Aesthetic Connotation of the Door Header Cover of Huizhou Traditional Dwellings

徽州传统民居中所遗留明清时期的门罩形制以造型朴素的门楣式、装饰舒展的垂花式和结构复杂的牌坊式为主要代表,以砖石雕刻为主要装饰载体,加之考究的尺度和精美的图式,展现了徽州传统民居独特的装饰风格。门罩的装饰在艺术呈现与审美内蕴方面彰显着题材寓意吉祥、形象淳厚儒雅、视觉饱满丰厚、工艺精巧繁缛、审美积淀朴厚等艺术特征,门罩装饰图式所承载徽州人的精神生活、民俗文化和民俗内涵是中国建筑文化、民俗文化和审美文化的重要部分,蕴含着厚重的现实价值与时代意义。

The shape system of the door header cover of the Ming and Qing dynasties in Huizhou traditional dwellings is mainly represented by the simple style of the door head, the vertical style of the festoon gate, and the complex structure of the memorial arch. It shows the unique style of Huizhou traditional dwellings, with the masonry sculpture as the main decorative technique and the exquisite scale and elegant pattern. As for the artistic representation and aesthetic connotation, the decoration of the door header cover shows the artistic features such as auspicious themes, honest and refined images, rich vision, elaborated craftsmanship, unsophisticated aesthetic accumulation and so on. The spiritual life, the folk culture and the folk connotation of Huizhou people embodied in the decorative pattern of door header cover are the important parts of Chinese architectural culture, folk culture and aesthetic culture, which contains heavy practical value and contemporary significance.