中小学教科书70年忆与思

A 70-year History Review of Primary and Secondary School Textbooks

中华人民共和国的成立,开创了中国教育的新纪元。教科书作为直接服务于新政权的工具,随着政治变革迂回前行。1949—1966年,统一、放权与提质的曲折交锋始终伴随着教科书的发展; 1966—1976年,这是教科书发展史上最怪异的10年,革命的教科书革了教科书的命; 1977—2019年是改革开放40年,教科书也进入了一个质量不断攀升、体系日益完善的时期。经历70年发展,中小学教科书整体质量在迂回中持续提升,多样化模式在反复中顽强发展,教科书免费供应制成功施行,教科书理念逐渐更新,教科书研究迅速升温。但我国一直没有找到很好的处理教科书的政治性与教学性关系的模式;缺乏一套科学的编、审、监控机制;教科书使用者的权利没有得到有效保护;实验教科书趋于消亡;乡土教材急剧减少。展望未来,教科书多样化会全面推进,数字教科书将高歌猛进,新时代"教科书学"会逐渐成熟。

The founding of PRC creates a new era of Chinese education. As an instrument to serve the new regime, textbooks have been weaving its way along political changes. From 1949 to 1966, the development of textbooks was accompanied by the tortuous clashes among unification, decentralization and upgrading. From 1966 to 1976, it was almost stopped. From 1977 to 2019, during the 40 years of reform and opening up, textbooks entered a period of rising quality and perfecting systems. In the past 70 years of development, the overall quality of textbooks in primary and secondary schools has been continuously improved in circuitous ways, the diversified model has developed, the free textbook supply system has successfully implemented, the textbook concept has gradually updated, and the research of textbooks is also blossoming. However, it still lacks a suitable model for balancing the politics and the pedagogy, also a set of scientific editing, reviewing and monitoring mechanisms. The rights of textbook users are not effectively protected. Experimental textbooks tend to extinct. The regional textbooks decrease rapidly. Looking forward to the future, the diversification of textbooks will be comprehensively promoted, digital textbooks will advance rapidly, and the science of textbooks will gradually mature in the new era.